Magic Squares, Spheres and Tori

Magic Squares offer partial glimpses of the convex or concave number systems that they represent. Analysed using modular arithmetic, Magic Tori open new perspectives.

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Showing posts with label 137. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 137. Show all posts
Saturday, 11 May 2024

137 Plus-or-Minus Groups of Magic Tori of Order 4, Linked by Plus-and-Minus Operations

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General information about the 255 magic tori of order 4, and about the 880 magic squares that those tori display, can be found in a pr...
Wednesday, 24 April 2024

Plus or Minus Groups of Magic Tori of Order 4

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As the positive integer entries of normal magic tori, and of their displayed magic squares, are always arranged in same-sum orthogonal a...
Saturday, 14 September 2019

List of the 880 Frénicle Magic Squares of Order-4

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Bernard Frénicle de Bessy was the first to determine that there were 880 essentially different magic squares of order-4, and his findings...
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