Magic Squares, Spheres and Tori

Magic Squares offer partial glimpses of the convex or concave number systems that they represent. Analysed using modular arithmetic, Magic Tori open new perspectives.

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Showing posts with label fourth-order. Show all posts
Showing posts with label fourth-order. Show all posts
Wednesday, 8 February 2017

Area Magic Squares of Order-4

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Further to the discoveries of the area magic squares of order-3 , the first linear area magic square of order-4 was found by Walter Trump o...
Monday, 29 August 2016

Complementary Number Patterns on Fourth-Order Magic Tori

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The 880 fourth-order magic squares were first identified and listed by Bernard Frénicle de Bessy in his « Table générale des quarrez magi...
Thursday, 26 December 2013

Fourth-Order Magic Torus Chart

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The fourth-order magic tori have already been identified and classified by type in a previous article "255 Fourth-Order Magic Tori, a...
Tuesday, 26 March 2013

Sub-Magic 2x2 Squares on Fourth-Order Magic Tori

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My recent studies have shown that 2x2 sub-magic squares are fundamental in the way the fourth-order magic tori work. It has long been known...
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Wednesday, 12 December 2012

Fourth-Order Panmagic Torus T4.194

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The illustration shows the interchangeability of horizontal or vertical representations of a same panmagic torus. By twisting one side of t...
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